My Last Duchess analysis free essay sample

â€Å"My Last Duchess† is a poem loosely based on historic events and historic figures written by Robert Browning. We are to gather that the figure speaking in â€Å"My Last Duchess† is Alfonso, the Duke of Ferrara who lived in the 16th century. â€Å"My Last Duchess† is written as a dramatic lyric or monologue because the whole work involves fictional characters that act out a scene. The title â€Å"My Last Duchess† gives the reader a breadth of information to work with. We know that the poem will be in first person from the word â€Å"My†. We can also gather that the word, â€Å"Duchess† implies nobility which will be involved within the work. As the poem goes on we learn that the main character, the Duke is having a conversation with an emissary regarding his past wife. We come to discover that the Duke had a hand in the death of his wife for very egocentric reasons. We will write a custom essay sample on My Last Duchess analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The manner in which he speaks about her shows his true character the words he utilizes makes sure to show his many faults, â€Å"Somehow—I know not how—as if she ranked / My gift of a nine-hundred-years-old name† shows his arrogance that just because he comes from a well off family she should be worshiping him. He also expresses his pettiness through conveying his jealousy of her and everything she took part in: For calling up that spot of joy. She had A heart—how shall I say?—too soon made glad, Too easily impressed; she liked whate’er She looked on, and her looks went everywhere. Sir, ’twas all one! My favour at her breast, The dropping of the daylight in the West, The bough of cherries some officious fool Broke in the orchard for her, the white mule She rode with round the terrace—all and each His ego is clearly shown, as well as the want for complete control. This theme is very similar to another work by Robert Browning, â€Å"Prophyria’s Lover† in which the speaker kills his lover in order to have control over her. This need of having complete control shows through in â€Å"The Last  Duchess† with, â€Å"But to myself they turned (since none puts by / The curtain I have drawn for you, but I)† showing that the Duke also shares these manipulative desires similar to â€Å"Prophyria’s Lover†. The Duke is now able to browse her beauty and control her as he pleases by simply removing the curtains from the painting. The Duke’s egocentric personality is repeatedly shown throughout the poem with possessive wording such as: I, my, and myself. The uses of such words also give the poem a more conversational feel to it. The casual atmosphere adds more to the dramatic quality of the work; showing that the Duke really sees nothing wrong with what he had done to his wife. This poem epitomizes that we are all susceptible to being blind to our own faults.

Months of the Year in Spanish

Months of the Year in Spanish Words for the months are very similar in English and Spanish thanks to their  common heritage: enero - Januaryfebrero - Februarymarzo - Marchabril - Aprilmayo - Mayjunio - Junejulio - Julyagosto - Augustseptiembre, setiembre - Septemberoctubre - Octobernoviembre - Novemberdiciembre - December Key Takeaways: The Months in Spanish The names of the months of year in English and Spanish are similar because they come from the age of the Roman Empire.Names of the months in Spanish are masculine and not normally capitalized.The most common pattern for writing dates in Spanish is number de month de year. Grammar of the Months in Spanish All of the names for months are masculine, although it usually isnt necessary to use the article el except when giving specific dates, and then the el comes before the number rather than the month. Note that unlike in English, the names of the months are not capitalized in Spanish (except at the beginning of a sentence or composition title). Three months have adjective forms: abrileà ±o (pertaining to April), marzal (pertaining to March), and agosteà ±o (pertaining to August). Example: Las lluvias abrileà ±as de nuestro paà ­s son persistentes. (The April rains in our country are persistent.) How to Write Dates in Spanish The most common way of giving dates is following this pattern: el 1 de enero de 2000. For example: La Declaracià ³n de Independencia de los EE.UU. fue ratificada por el Congreso Continental el 4 de julio de 1776 en Filadelfia. (The U.S. Declaration of Independence was ratified by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, in Philadelphia.) As in that example, the word on in an on date phrase does not have to be translated to Spanish. Otherwise, the names of months are used similarly to the structure in English: Abril es el cuarto mes del aà ±o. (April is the fourth month of the year.)Asturias registrà ³ el febrero ms seco y clido desde 1990. (Asturias recorded the driest, warmest February since 1990.)Un aà ±o bisiesto es uno con 366 dà ­as en vez de 365. Cada cuatro aà ±os, febrero tiene un dà ­a ms. (A leap year is one with 366 days instead of 356. Every four years, February has an extra day.)Fue publicado el 28 de febrero de 2008. (It was published on February 28, 2008.)Era un diciembre mgico. (It was a magic December.)Se celebra el 24 de octubre como Dà ­a de las Naciones Unidas. (October 24 is celebrated as United Nations Day.)Segà ºn las creencias de la astrologà ­a, las personas que nacieron el 20 de octubre son en cierto modo una paradoja. (According to astrological beliefs, people born on Oct. 20 are paradoxical in some way.)El 25 de octubre es el 298o dà ­a del aà ±o en el calendario gregoriano. (October 25 is the 298th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar.)Cada feb rero, una marmota llamada Phil sale de su cueva. (Each February, a groundhog named Phil comes out of his burrow.) El 6 de enero es un dà ­a importante para la nià ±ez mexicana, porque es el dà ­a que llegan los Reyes Magos a dejar regalos. (January 6 is an important date for Mexican children, because it is the day that the Wise Men arrive to leave gifts.) Abbreviating Dates When writing dates using just numbers, Spanish typically uses Roman numerals using a date-month-year sequence. For example, September 16, 1810 (Mexicos independence date), would be written as 16-IX-1810. Note that the sequence is similar to that used in English in Great Britain (as well as in most other European languages) but not the United States. Origins of the Months Names The names of the months all come from Latin, the language of the Roman Empire: enero - from the Roman god Janus, the guardian or doors and gates.febrero - from a word meaning purify. A feast of purification was once held at this time of year.marzo - from Martius, the word for the planet Mars.abril - meaning uncertain. It may be a variation of the name of the Greek god Aphrodite.mayo - possibly from Maia, a Roman earth goddess.junio - possibly from Junio, a goddess married to Jupiter.julio - in honor of Julius Caesar.agosto - in honor of August Caesar.septiembre - from a Latin word for seven. September was the seventh month of the old Roman calendar.octubre - from a Latin word for eight.noviembre - from a Latin word for nine.diciembre - from a Latin word for ten.

Stress Management Assessment Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Stress Management Assessment - Term Paper Example The second principle that he violated was lack of identifying the important issues in that there are those issues that have high and low importance that he should have considered, above all others. For example, he had so many interruptions from his subordinates in that some matters they were interrupting him would have waited like mail and phone calls. Additionally, by planning his schedule he would have managed to indicate matters that reduced urgency and those that did not. Efficient time management is a principle that requires that more be accomplished, and less time is wasted. Whereby it is important to plan things that one should do, but it does not mean that when an urgent matter arises, and it is important to should not be attended to by the individual(Whetten & Kim, 128). In the case of Chet, he violated the principles of efficient time management where he failed to list the things he would accomplish by the end of the day. Secondly, he did not prioritize his tasks. When he was coming from home to work, he wanted to complete the project before the end of the day, but when he got to the office, he found other managerial jobs waiting for him. Because he lacked a plan on how to work his schedule, he failed to accomplish an important task of completing his project, which has been pending for months. Chet has a problem of procrastinating his important tasks and setting them aside not realizing that he was increasing his workload by not attending to im portant matters. There is a problem in the organizational structure of the organization because first Norris Company in the Central plant has the head office meaning that all the productions are made in the company. However, Chet is the only manager in the whole facility and for that reason; he ends up carrying out tasks that he would have delegated to a personal secretary or an assistant manager. Secondly, the lower management has more employees compared to

Elements of Marketing Mix Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Elements of Marketing Mix - Coursework Example According to the findings, it can, therefore, be said that each and every firm endeavor to set up a mix of the 4 Ps, that they can achieve the highest level of customer satisfaction, alongside achieving objectives set by the organization (Baker and Hart, 2008). Therefore, the mix is prepared to keep in mind the needs and requirements of potential target customers. The mix typically varies from organization to organization, depending upon resources available to them as well as their organizational objectives (Adcock, Halborg and Ross, 2001; Baker, 1991). The following sections will involve an in-depth analysis of the four elements of the marketing mix. The final section will be the conclusion, which will explain the element that is more important.  The product basically refers to the goods and services delivered by an organization. They are basically purchased because they satisfy single or multiple needs of individuals. Customers pay not for the tangible product, but for benefits t hat are associated with it. To put it simply, products can be referred to as a package of benefits, that marketer offers to its customers for a predefined price. For example, while buying a pair of shoes, an individual is actually paying for the comfort that shoes will provide. While buying a lipstick, a consumer mainly pays for the beauty, which is associated with applying such cosmetics. Products can also come in the form of services that are provided to consumers, such as, air travel, telecommunication and so on and so forth. Aside from physical products, there are certain elements that customers may be attracted to; for example, the way it is packaged.  

Geography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Geography - Essay Example Physical determinism was heavily criticized and it was stated that the theory favored imperialism and racism. Therefore, it was recognized as inappropriate base for ethical considerations how interactions between people and nature, particularly, global land use, should be built. Environmental possibilism is not as strict as determinism and states that physical conditions determine human culture only to certain extent. In other words, people take to account their physical environment while building society, but are not defined by it1. Environmental probabilism extends the previous theory and argues that physical conditions allow for numerous variations in ways how people could interfere with nature. Particularly, the concept describes that there could develop a lot of probable human behaviors within one region2. In such way, environmental probabilism explains such phenomena as different cultures existing at the same areas and is one of the least controversial and most powerful geograp hical theories, which provide explanations what the relationship between humanity and surrounding is, how people are supposed to exploit natural resources and specifically could be used as valid guide for global land use considerations. 2. What is the most important human land use? What land use is the least important?   The main spheres, which are associated with human land use, include agriculture, mine-working, development of urban areas, deforestation in the process of wood harvesting in order to use it for further house-hold use and construction, using land for animal husbandry. Such heavy exploitation of land resources has led to various negative consequences like deforestation and irrigation of land3. According to IPCC Special Report on Climate Change (2000), there are seven spheres of human land-use activities, which essentially influence environment: â€Å"conversion of natural ecosystems to permanent croplands, conversion of natural ecosystems for shifting of cultivatio n, conversion of natural ecosystems to pasture, abandonment of croplands, abandonment of pastures, harvest of timber, and establishment of tree plantations† (Sutton, 2004).   On contrary the following categories are supposed to be less exploited in human land use: Land under Residential/Industrial/Transportation Facilities, Land under Protective Cover  (greenhouses and other urban use; vegetable growing, home gardening, residential parks, golf courses, etc.), Land under Temporary Crops Requiring Wetland Conditions  (wet-foot crops such as irrigated rice and jute), Land under Temporary Crops  (annuals; cultivated with crops with a growing cycle of under 1 year) (IPCC Special Report on Climate Change 2000) 3. Are global land uses sustainable? Are U.S. land uses sustainable?  Why or why not? According to An Overview of Key Environmental Issue, â€Å"land use refers to the purposes to which humans commit land cover such as forests and grasslands†4.   Nowadays it is commonly accepted that human land use could cause undesirable changes to ecosystem affecting land cover and land water greatly5. Such human activities as agriculture, logging, ranching, and industrial performance, lead to increased emissions of carbon dioxide gases

Analysis of the Bosman Case

Analysis of the Bosman Case The decision of the ECJ in the Bosman case[1] had an extremely significant impact on professional sports within the European Union. As has been pointed out by a number of commentators the decision in Bosman led to an overhaul of the existing transfer rules of club football within Europe. It also had a wider impact on professional sports as a whole as the post-Bosman period witnessed a significant influx of migration of professional athletes within the EU.[2] Within the EU, sport has assumed a special status and forms an integral part of European identity and its culture. The European parliament has coined the term specifity of sports to address the interaction of Community law in the sporting arena and the extent of such an interaction.[3] This interface between sports and community law was first addressed in Welgrave and Koch v Union Cycliste Internationale[4] followed closely by another decision in the case of Dond v Motero.[5] Almost twenty years down the line came the decision in Bosman which clearly elucidated the role of Community law within the sporting arena and in the process reaffirmed and elaborated upon some of the principles discussed in the two above mentioned decisions. The controversy around the Bosman decision stems from the fact that it put an end to the existing transfer process in European football by abolishing player transfer fee system and creating free agency for European footballers. It also brought an end to the existing UEFA Non-National rules. Both the above regulations followed by European clubs were tested against the Community provisions aimed at protection of labour rights and were found wanting. The transfer rules as well as the nationality rule was found to be violative of Article 48 of the Community treaty safeguarding against free movement of labour as well as anti-discriminatory treatment of workers. The significance of the Bosman judgment lies in the fact that it managed to make a significant contribution to the corpus of labour law by emphatically reinstating that sportspersons rights were protected within Community law and also laid down the framework for subsequent judgments which further established the labour rights of pr ofessional sportspersons. The paper will first explain in brief the background in which the Bosman judgment arose. Then paper will delve into the intricacies of the judgment along with some of the most persuasive arguments raised by the parties to the dispute. Then judgment of the court along with the reasoning behind the judgment will be explored. At the outset it has to be mentioned that the paper will only address the issues of transfer rules and nationalily rules which were evaluated on the anvil of Article 48. The ancillary issue of related to Article 85 and Article 86 of the Community treaty would not be addressed. In the next section the paper will explore the extent to which the judgment in Bosmans case contributed in settling the law related to free movement and non discrimination of sportspersons within the EU. In this section of the paper subsequent judgments would also be briefly looked into to describe the establishment and development of the principle of applicability of non discriminatory princ iple within the arena of sports in the EU. Finally the paper will briefly look back at the arguments raised in the Bosman case related to the need for keeping sports outside the ambit of the provisons of Community treaty. In this section existing regulations in England as well as the United States will be looked into to evaluate whether the guidelines laid down in Bosman is in sharp contrast to the sporting regulations existing in those states. Literature Review A Closer Look at the Judgment of Bosman Background and Facts Within the European Union football is played either as an amateur or a professional sport. The structure of professional football comprises of clubs which belong to national associations or federations. The national associations including Belgiums ASBL Union Royale Belge des Societes de Football Association (URBSFA) are members of the Fà ©dà ©ration Internationale de Football Association (FIFA). FIFA is again divided into confederations, UEFA being the confederation which governs football in Europe. As per the rules framed by the URBSFA prior to Bosman case, every player whose contract is expiring must be offered a new Contract by April 26, failing which he is given amateur. The player has the option of accepting or rejecting the contract offer. If the player rejects the contract, he is placed on the compulsory transfer list for a month from 1st may onwards. In this period any club can buy the player from his existing club even without the permission of the existing club by paying certain compensation fee for training which is called transfer fees. On 1st June the period of free transfers begins and in this period a player can be transferred by the mutual agreement of both clubs after the payment of the requisite transfer fees. If the transfer does not take place the clubs are required by URBSFA to offer a contract to the player which is not less than the initial contract of April 26. If this contract is rejected by the player, he is classified as an amateur and has two wait two years to obtain a transfer without the clubs consent. Jean Marc Bosman, player for Belgian club RC Liege, was offered a contract before the expiry of his existing contract which entailed a substantial reduction in his wages, of almost 75%. As a result Bosman refused this new offer and as a consequence was put on the transfer list. During the period of free transfer the French second division club US Dunkerque became interested in employing Bosman. However as per rules for international transfers, the Belgian football association had to pass a transfer certificate to the French football association within a specific time. However in spite of RC Liege and US Dunkerque agreeing upon the amount of transfer fee for a seasons, RC Leige refused to give permission to the Belgian league to pass on the certificate to the French association as they were unsure about the financial solvency of Dunkurque. Thus Bosman was preveted from joining RC liege leading to the initition of a suit in the Court of First Instance in Leige which finally culminated in the landmark decision of ECJ in 1995. Transfer Rules and Article 48 The Courts assuming jurisdiction under Article 177, restated the principle of applicability of Article 48 of the EU Charter to sporting activity as long as there is an the existence of, or the intention to create, an employment relationship. ECJ decided in favour of Bosman and against the respondents namely RC Liege, URBSFA and UEFA. The court ruled on two main issues. Firstly the Court overhauled the existing transfer system by holding that transfer fees for out-of-contract players were illegal and in violation of Article 48 of the EU treaty when the players were moving from one E.U. nation to another. Secondly the court also found nationality clause to be inconsistent with Article 48 and as a result struck it down. Firstly in spite of the arguments raised by the respondents the ECJ found that the right to movement of workers as enshrined under Article 48, which is one of the four fundamental rights guaranteed by the EU charter, was being violated by the existing transfer rules of URBSFA.The Court rejected the contention that transfer rules governs relationship between culbs and does not affect the players. The Court pointed out that transfer fees is a burden which the clubs has to bear and the failure to pay such fees ultimately affects the employment rights of the players.The Court then pointed out that in spite of being contrary to Article 48 the transfer rules could be saved if they could be justified on the grounds of pressing public interest and the principle of proportionality between the means exercised for the objectives sought. However in Court went on to reject the different justifications forwarded by the respondents. The Court found merits in UEFAs goal of maintaining financial and competitive balance but rejected the claim that the transfer rules furthered this object because the existing rules had failed to preserve the level of financial and competitive balance as the rules failed to prevent the richest clubs from securing the best players. The merit of the second justification advanced by respondents regarding UEFAs goall of encouraging the recruitment and training of young talent was also accepted by the Court. However the Court failed to establish the nexus between the transfer system and the achievement of that goal. The Court found no relationship to exist because the amount of a transfer fee is unrelated to the actual cost of training and recruitment, and because receipt of such fees for any particular player is speculative. Finally the argument that transfer fees are acceptable on the grounds that such transfer fees are necessary for clubs to buy players was rejected because the Court o bserved that obstacles to freedom of movement cannot be justified simply on the grounds tat such obstacle was in existence in the past. Finally the Court reaffirmed the opinion of the Advocate general that as alternatives which does not tantamount to an obstacle to freedom of work can be used to achieve the ends sought by the transfer rules and hence the transfer rules has to be struck down. Nationality Principle The ECJ also rules that the 3+2 rule which restricts the employment of footballers of a different EU state is in direct violation of Article 48(2) of the EU treaty which expressly seeks to abolish any discrimination based on nationality between workers of the member states of the EU in relation to employment, remuneration and conditions of work and employment.[6] In this regard the Court further refers to Regulation 1612/68 of the Council which seeks to enforce the provion under Article 48. Finally the court extends this principle of non discrimination to the existing transfer rules by referring to the principle propounded in the Dona case where regulations of sporting bodies were held to fall under this principle of non discrimination. In light of the conflict between the nationality provision of the ransfer rules and Article 48 the Court examines a few possible justifications which can save the nationality rule followed by UEFA. It was argued by the respondents that the nationality rule can be justified on non-economic grounds including maintaining a natural link between the club and the country, the maintenance of a pool of national players and to maintain the competitive equilibrium between the clubs. However the Court referring to the Dona case observed that though non economic objectives may justify the exclusions of certain players in certain fixtures but that principle is not relevant in this case because the 3+2 rule of UEFA applies to all clubs and all matches. Similarly the Court also observed that the nationality rule is not adequate enough to prevent rich clubs from acquiring the richest players. Further the argument regarding the nexus between club and country was also rejected along with the point regarding the maintenance of a pool of national players. Another important point which was argued and rejected by the Court was that the 3+2 rule was developed in cooperation with the Commission and hence should not be struck down. In this case the Court observed that Finally, as regards the argument based on the Commissions participation in the drafting of the 3+2 rule, it must be pointed out that, except where such powers are expressly conferred upon it, the Commission may not give guarantees concerning the compatibility of specific practices with the Treaty Hence if the rule in violation of Article 48 then the fact tht it was made in cooperation with the European Commission will not validate it. Community Law and Principle of Non Discrimination of Foreign Nationals In order to understand the interface between nationality restrictions and its conflict with the EU treaty it is imperative to briefly look into the framework of the EC treaty. Sports per se has not found a place in the present EC treaty, but as has been discussed before, it falls within the competence of EC law when it concerns an economic activity.[7] Article 12 of the EC treaty prohibits discrimination on the grounds of nationality. More specifically discrimination on the basis of nationality of workers is dealt with in Articles 39[8] to 42 of the EC Treaty. However it has to be remembered in this context that the compatibility of a sporting rule with a particular article of the Treaty does not release the rule from the requirement to comply with other Articles of the Treaty.[9] However, the general protection against nationality discrimination can only be invoked in the absence of any specific provision within the treaty. This principle was elucidated in the case of Lehtonen and C astors Canada Dry Namur-Braine v. Federation Royale Belge des Societes de Basketball (FRBSB),[10] where it was observed that Article 39 of the treaty dealing with nationality discrimination of workers will be applicable in the instant case. The Court further observed that Article 12 will only be applicable independently in case of the absence of any specific provision.[11] In light of the above framework of Community law the Lehtonen judgment can be briefly evaluated to determine whether it has also followed the Bosman line and determined whether a sporting rule can be discriminatory within the EC treaty in the absence of objective justification. In Lehtonen different periods of transfers were applicable in the Belgian basketball league of players from Belgian clubs and European clubs. This vires of the transfer rule was challenged to be in violation of the non discriminatory rule enshrined under Article 48. The ECJ observed that Article 48 precludes the application of rules laid down in a Member State by sporting associations which prohibit a basketball club from fielding players from other Member States in matches in the national championship, where they have been transferred after a specified date, if that date is earlier than the date which applies to transfers of players from certain non-member countries, unless objective reasons concerning only sport as such or relating to differences between the position of players from a federation in the European zone and that of players from a federation not in that zone justify such different treatment.[12] In other words the Court followed the line of Bosman and held that Article 48 can act as a threshold which specific sporting regulations have to abide by. However a divergence from the non-discriminatory principle is allowed if they can fulfill the test of objective satisfaction. One more interesting aspect of the non-nationality principle, which has come to the limelight in subsequent cases, is the status of individuals belonging to non-member states who have entered into Cooperative agreements with the EU containing non discriminatory terms in relation to nationality of the members of those states as well as the members of third party states. In the Malaja[13] ruling a Polish basketball player Malaja, challenged the restriction of the French Basketball Federation on the number of foreign players in a club. She based her claim on the basis of an agreement entered by Poland with the EU which ensured non discrimination of Polish workers within the EU. The Council the Etat held that the non-discriminatory principle enshrined in the EU treaty will also be applicable to eastern European states along with Poland who had entered into cooperation treaties with the EU. Another landmark decision in this respect is Kolpak case. Kolpak who was a Slovak national, signed consecutive fixed-term contracts in 1997 and 2000 as a goalkeeper for a second division handball team. However the German Handball Associations imposed a cap on the number of non-EU players who could play in one team. This precluded Kolpak from performing his duties under the employment contract. Kolpak held a valid residence permit in Germany. He took the dispute to the German courts arguing that the agreement between Slovakia and the EU would prevent the Handball association from treating him differentially from other non-EU or German players. The dispute was referred to the ECJ. The Court observed that the agreement with Slovakia did not contain any specific provision safeguarding against anti-discrimination. However the Court compared the agreement with Article 48 of Treaty of Rome and came to the conclusion that the agreement embodied the same principles which have been enshrined u nder Article 48. Hence even in the absence of any specific provision preventing discrimination, the Court held that the principles of non-discrimination established in Bosman can be extended to the present case. However the Court restricted the scope of the non-discriminatory principle by holding that the non-discriminatory principle construed from the agreement will be limited to Slovakian workers already employed in the member states of the EU. The final judgment that has to be mentioned in this regard is the Simutenkov case in which the Courts closely analyzed the Bosman and the Kolpak decisions. The decision of the Court in the Simutenkov mirrored the judgment in Kolpak and extended the principle of non-discrimination to Russian workers employed within the EU. The decision followed Kolpak to the extent that the scope of the non-discrimination principle was restricted to existing workers. In other words it did not bestow a general right on all EU members to circulate freely within the EU. A Closer Look at the Sporting Exception In Bosman, UEFA had argued that sports was always respected within the European Union and owing to the difficulty in extrapolating the economic aspect from football Article 48 should be interpreted in a flexible manner. German Government further emphasized on sports being an expression of European culture and hence should be protected under Article 128 of the Treaty of Rome which seeks to safeguard the national regional diversity of culture. However as has been discussed previously the Court relied on previous ECJ decisions in Walgrave and Dona to determine the extent to which Article 48 of the treaty of Rome can regulate sporting activities. Again as recently as 2006, The ECJ in its decision in Meca-Medina v. Commission[14], reaffirmed the principle of Bosman when they observed that having regard to the objectives of the Community, sport is subject to Community law in so far as it constitutes an economic activity within the meaning of Article 2 However the approach of the Court in this respect has been severely criticized in certain quarters. Commentators have alleged that the Court has in their zeal to extend economic regulations have failed to recognize the specific nature of sports.[15] However a brief look at sporting regulations and the legal restrictions imposed on such sporting rules in US and UK points to the shortcomings of bestowing unfettered power in respect of sporting activities. The transfer system in British football can be traced as far back as the last decade of the 19th century when football clubs started to purchase and sale football players. The concept of transfer fees was in existence even in that period. Even though these rules flagrantly violated the contractual and labour rights of the players, these rules remained in existence throughout the majority of the twentieth century and were justified on the grounds of regulating player mobility and competitive equilibrium. The landmark case of Eastham[16] the retention and transfer system[17] was challenged by George Eastham who wanted to move from Newcastle to Arsenal. However Newcastle simply retained him despite his repeated request for transfers. As a result a writ was filed in the High Court against Newcastle for restraint of trade. Five issues was considered by Judge Wilberforce out of which the one of relevance where whether there was actual restraint of trade and whether such restrain was necessary for the maintenance of the nature of the league or its members. The Court found that Newcastle had indulged in activities which tantamount to restraint of trade. More importantly the Court found that the transfer and retention system was also an unreasonable restraint on trade on the ground that it acted as a barrier to the movement of players even when their contracts have expired unless a transfer fee was paid.[18] As a consequence of the Eastham rulin the retention and transfer system was overhauled and a new system was introduced where a player was free to move from his existing club unless the club offered a contract which atleast equaled the terms of the previous contract between the club and the player. In 1978 further changes were brough about which gave players the right to reject contracts and move to a different club. Further it was provided that in case of a dispute between the new and the former club regarding transfer fee a four member panel will be constituted to determine the amount of transfer fees. Finally the regulations existing in the baseball league in US [MLB] and its interface with different fields of law can be briefly explored. The major contentious issue in American Baseball league was surrounding the reserve list and reserve clause: which raised significant questions regarding players right to movement and free agency. However in the early years of the twentieth century the US legal system was averse to the idea of collective bargaining rights and hence there was a lacuna in the law related to labour rights. Further the Sherman Act, which sought to prevent restraint of trade also provided an exception to the MLB and as a result the employment rights of the players suffered. However the gradual development of collective bargaining culminated into the creation of baseball players association[MLBA] which entered into a collective bargaining agreement with the club owners. The significance of this collective bargaining agreement was that it contained an arbitrational clau se for addressing players grievances. On the basis of this collective bargaining agreement, arbitration proceedings were initiated inNational American League Professional Baseball Clubs v. MLBPA[19] where baseballs reserve system was challenged. The arbitrator found in favour of the players. However the true significance of the judgment lies in the fact that the arbitrator held that though it was possible to negotiate a reserve system which contained the option of continuous renewal, however the option clause was not implied into the contract and had to be bargained for. In other words the arbitrator laid down that the though the reserve system cannot be overhauled, however the incorporation of such a clause in player contract cannot be implied. The presence or absence of such a provision will be decided on the basis of collective bargaining between the parties. This was also affirmed by the [1] Union Royale Beige des Societes de Football Assn ASBL v.Bosman, 1995 E.C.R. 1-4921, 1 C.M.L.R. 645 (1995 [2] [3] [4] [1974] ECR 1405 [5] [1976] 2 C.M.L.R. at 587 [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] Meca Medina v. Commission, 2006 E.C.R. I-6991 [15] It has been argued that players have been treated as mere factors of production and the link of sports with the culture and identity of the Community have been overlooked. Further it has been suggested that one of the primary shortcomings of Article 6 dealing with discrimination in general and Section 48 dealing with discrimination against workers is that these two article fail to recognize this important characteristic of sports. [16] Eastham v. Newcastle United Football Club, Ltd., 1964 Ch. 413, 419. [17] Prior to the Eastham case this system existed in England where a club could virtually retain control over a player even after the expiry of a contract by withholding his player registration. A player could not move until the registration documents were released by the club which was usually done on the payment of a transfer fees. [18] [19] 66 Lab. Arb. Rep. (BNA) 101 (1975) (Seitz, Arb.).

The ship of dreams

As the clock struck 7. 00 we could hear the faint sound of the ships horn, dinner had been announced. Anna, Gretchen and I got dressed in our eveningwear, touched up our make up and headed down to the dining room. I remember very clearly what I was wearing that night. A pale blue sleeveless dress made out of very heavy material with embroided roses around the hemline. I was also wearing a matching shawl and pale blue shoes. I loved this particular dress as William bought it for me the very same week he passed away. As we walked down the grand wooden staircase, the smell of dinner was divine. We were escorted to a table next to a window where already a couple were seated. I looked out on the horizon and saw nothing but the great Atlantic Ocean. The dining room was magnificent. The crisp cream tablecloth draped over the wooden tables matched the napkins folded into swans, which matched the curtain ties. The string quartet played lively music in the corner of the room. All the waiters looked extremely smart with gelled back hair and matching tuxedos. The chandeliers overhead caught the sunlight and reflected all the colors of the rainbow and everybody and everything looked so beautiful. The couple opposite were obviously on their honeymoon. Everybody on board, on course recognized the young brides, we had watched them laughing and promenading with their husbands. We offered our congratulations to the couple and they very happily accepted them. The bride asked why we were travelling on the Titanic so Gretchen explained how we had gone over to visit her husband, George in England as he was doing some business over there. It turned out that Mary's brother was working on the same film as George so that was a talking point. We chatted merrily all the way through dinner. Mary and James were a very lovely couple and Gretchen was certainly glad of some company of her own age to talk to. After a very enjoyable dinner Anna, Gretchen and I took a stroll around the decks watching the sunset. Little were we to know that was the last sunlight we would see whilst aboard the Titanic. Anna and Gretchen wanted to join in with the evening dance but I didn't feel up to it so said I would meet them back at the cabin. When walking back along the promenade deck, the air was icy cold. This change in temperature had only occurred with in the last hour. I had suddenly come down with a headache so when I returned to the cabin I changed into my nightwear. The doctor said it was best if I got an early night so I went to bed. I woke up at 11. 30pm and both Anna and Gretchen were in their bedrooms. My headache had disappeared and I wasn't tired anymore after my nap so I decided to read my book. Just as I was slowly drifting away, I was sharply awakened by this terrible shudder. My fists were tightly holding on to my bedpost and the shaking lasted approximately 1 minute. It gave me the impression that a blow on the side had moved the entire vessel laterally to a considerable angle. My instincts told me that we had hit an iceberg, there was no other explanation. Wearing only my nightwear and slippers, I went through the companionway, but to my surprise, found no one seriously considering the shock. Men in evening clothes stood about chatting and laughing, and when an officer hurried by I asked, â€Å"What is the trouble? † he replied nervously â€Å"um, something wrong, something is wrong with the propeller, nothing serious, don't worry madam†. He didn't sound very convincing so I asked two other officers but was reassured that everything was fine. A little while later, still feeling nervous, I went to the promenade deck and there saw a great mass of ice close to the starboard rail. When returning to my cabin again, I met with my day steward and it was he who finally informed me that the Titanic was in danger and I was to report to the boat deck with a lifebelt. I rushed back to my stateroom where Anna and Gretchen were getting dressed as both had been awakened by the impact of the jar. I told them we were in danger so we all got dressed, put on our fur coats and headed to the boat deck. Up on deck everything seemed quiet and orderly. The thing that scared me most was that there was no sense of fear or panic. I knew in the bottom of my heart that the Titanic had received its death wound yet no one else had the slightest realization. There was an order issued that all women and children should congregate on the port side of the vessel. I supposed all the women were congregated on the port side as it would naturally be the highest side, therefore the safest as it would be last to go down. At this point there were only upper class people on the decks so obviously the steerage had been told not to come up yet. They started to lower the lifeboats after a lapse of some minutes. It was a drop of fifty feet to the surface of the sea and apparently everybody considered that they were safer on the ‘unsinkable Titanic' than in a small boat whose only propelling power was four oars. It was for that reason alone why the first boats were only half filled. I believe there were 20 life boats lowered away altogether. It was after the fifth or sixth boat was lowered and there was a definite slope to the ship that people understood that they were no longer safe and began to panic. When the steerage passengers came up many of them had knifes and revolvers and were stabbing left and right in an endeavour to reach a boat. This brought a lot of fright and terror to the atmosphere. As we were waiting to get into a boat I saw across the other side a steerage passenger being shot as he tried to jump onto a boat. The crowd fell silent with shock and his body was tossed over board. That is an image I could never forget. Anna, Gretchen and I were helped aboard the seventh boat to be lowered, which turned out to be lifeboat 10. There was some problem lowering it so we sat there for a while. We then saw Mary and James, the couple we had eaten dinner with only hours ago when everything seemed fine. We summoned Mary to join us in the boat. She refused in a very determined manner to leave her husband, although she was twice entreated to get into the boat. James declined with great force to get in the boat while there were still women on the decks. Owing to the angle of the sinking ship, another boat was being lowered almost directly above us. If it had not been for our yells and shrieks, both boats would have fallen into the water, but our cries saved us from the catastrophe. When we got out on the water I was so annoyed with the amount of crewmen on the boat. We realized that they only claimed they could row for the purpose of saving themselves, in the end my niece had to take an oar. When we were only a few metres away I could see for myself the severity of the collision as the bottom half and the front of the ship was completely covered by the Atlantic Ocean. In a boat alongside of ours, a sailor lighted a cigarette and flung the match carelessly among the women in our boat. We screamed in protest to which he replied, ‘Ah, we're all going to die anyway, we might as well be cremated now as then'. We were all so shocked by this attitude. When we were rowing away the front of the ship was being dragged under the water leaving the back deck well over 400 feet above the surface of the sea. At this point the ship was nearly vertical. I cannot imagine what it must have been like for those passengers left hanging at the top, seeing the world at right angles and watching objects like tables and chairs flying down the deck. From the upper rails I could see husbands and fathers waving and throwing kisses to their loved ones. I started crying when I saw people jumping off from the top. It is terrible things to see when people choose to jump such a deadly drop, as they have no other option except drown to death. We were a mile away from the Titanic when there was great explosion. It had appeared to me as if the boilers had blown up and the Titanic had been lifted in amidships and broken in half. It was then that the ships lights cut out and we could no longer clearly see what happened. Only one of all the boats set adrift from our side had a lantern. We had to follow that boat as did many other boats and if it wasn't for that solitary lantern, possibly many of the other boats might have drifted away and gone down. The most terrible part of the whole experience was the awful crying after the ship went. Our boat was silent with shock, as it seemed to last for ages. The temperature that night could only have been a couple degrees over freezing so we all cuddled together for extra warmth. I felt so scared sat in that boat, sat in the middle of the ocean in the pitch black not knowing if I went to sleep if I would ever wake up again. We sat there for hours not moving saying the occasionally sentence between us. It is strange how I felt we had really bonded as a group and become quite close even though we didn't really talk. I think it is because even without telling each other we knew exactly how everybody else was feeling. As the sun was rising, the sight of the Carpathia in the distance brought such relieve to the group. As we drew closer I could hear moans of disappointed wives waiting for their husbands to arrive. When we were welcomed aboard too much cannot be said for the kindness shown by the Carpathia passengers. They gave up their staterooms for us and let us borrow their clothes. In fact I left the ship wearing garments owned by a very kind middle-aged women, Catherine who was married and had 3 children. I am sad to say though, that although we never gave up hope waiting for Mary and James they never arrived and we never saw them again. I later found out that both went down with the ship. Six months have passed since that terrible night and it has deeply affected me. So many innocent lives were lost that night and for what, so we could make a good time crossing the Ocean. Everybody put so much hope and belief in that wretched ship, as it was said to be unsinkable. What I don't understand though is why they only put enough lifeboats on the ship to save less than half the amount of people. I don't trust anything that is published in the media nowadays and I am certainly not going to be leaving my country again. The Titanic was renamed the Ship of Dreams by many of the papers, and many believed it was when first stepping on. It is that name that hurts the most as the truth is that the Titanic destroyed so many of those dreams.

Human DNA and Sexual Differentiation Essay

There has with respect to understanding human evolution, thus far, hardly been any greater an academic marriage than that which has occurred between physical anthropology and genetics. For anthropologists the union has been particularly beneficial as DNA has been incorporated into the quest to understand human evolution. Some scholars have referred to this as the culmination of the evolution of the once distinct fields represented symbolically by Darwin’s theories on evolution and Mendel’s speculation regarding genes; one scholar has opined that Darwin and Mendel are the core, the essentials of understanding. These basics work together.  The gene pool — the hereditary property of a population of animals — maintains the variation of the population or species, and mutation tends to increase that variation. Darwin’s selection cuts back the less favorable variation, in that way sculpting the inheritance of the species. (Howells 8) Fossils and genes, taken together, illuminate in ways that one without the other simply cannot. This refers to the discovery of positive knowledge as well as the discovery of long-established fallacies in the field of physical anthropology (Marks 131). This essay will focus on a few types of positive knowledge regarding the evolution of human DNA. More specifically, this essay will discuss how DNA variation can be used to explain some of the evolutionary physical features for sexual differences in humans as they pertain to language, sexuality, and visual spatial skills. As a preliminary matter, it is important to acknowledge that human sex differences were not always as pronounced as they are today. There were genetic variations that occurred over a long period of time and these genetic differences are evident in the fossils used by physical anthropologists to piece together how and why DNA has evolved as it has over the course of time. Scholars seem to agree that the evolution of human DNA is unique in certain respects; for purposes of this essay, it is significant to note that, regarding sexual differences in species, â€Å"It is apparent that these same cross-species sex differences have become more pronounced in humans† (Joseph 35). The evolution of human DNA with respect to sexual differences is greater than has been found in studies of other species. It has been demonstrated that DNA evolution led to Homo erectus females experiencing a vaginal reorientation at the same time that males experienced a change in pelvic structure (Joseph 35). The consequences were tremendous as this likely resulted in the development of long-term relationships between males and females; this is because, rather than being dependent on estrus in order to get pregnant, females were now physically and genetically configured to be sexually receptive continuously rather than sporadically. These long-term relationships also seem to have coincided with males and females establishing more permanent or semi-permanent homes. It can be argued, to some degree at least, that this genetic variation led to an embryonic notion of marriage and home. These human sex differences were further accelerated with the genetic evolution of the brain; indeed, as the brain became larger, â€Å"this required a larger birth canal and an increase in the sexual physical differentiation in the size and width of the H. erectus† (Joseph 35). DNA varied to accommodate these changes and they are manifest even today in the way that women walk as well as in the more fragile nature of their pelvic bones when compared to their male counterparts. As the female was evolving there were practical consequences; for instance, â€Å"The transformation of the human female hips and pelvis, however, also limited her ability to run and maneuver in space, at least, compared to most males† (Joseph 35). These DNA variations thus functioned to separate males and females and to lay the physical groundwork for other changes. This evolution in human DNA, in turn, led to a division of labor predicated on these newly exaggerated differences between the sexes. Generally speaking, women became gatherers and men became hunters. Each of these roles demanded different types of skills and the human animal adapted through the mechanism of its DNA. The female role demanded careful language skills rather than violence whereas the male role demanded aggression and physical strength. In explaining how the male DNA evolved to adapt to the male’s developing function, one scholar has noted that â€Å"successful hunting requires prolonged silence, excellent visual-spatial and gross motor skills, and the capacity to endure long treks in the pursuit of prey. These are abilities at which males excel, including modern H. apiens† (Joseph 35). In short, many of the human sexual differences noted today can be traced to the ways in which human DNA has evolved over time in order to adapt to changed environments and to changed sex roles. In the final analysis, even a cursory examination of the history of the evolution of human DNA suggests rather persuasively that there are watershed events which can aid in underst anding the uniqueness of sexual differentiation in humans and how sex roles evolved in response to that sexual differentiation.

Leagalizing Marijuana Essay Example

Leagalizing Marijuana Essay Example Leagalizing Marijuana Essay Leagalizing Marijuana Essay Smoking weed is nothing new to most Americans. This is generally speaking, but it is safe to say that most Americans have either experimented or know some that are active weed smokers. Smoking weed seems to be a relatively harmless drug when compared to legal drugs and alcohol. Marijuana and other illicit drugs became mainstream in the 1960s. Marijuana is less addictive and less fatal. Marijuana usage has been popularized across generations and cultures as an acceptable drug. The conversations about Mary Jane (slang term for marijuana) can be plenty. There are the issues of whether marijuana should be legal. Is marijuana a gateway drug to more dangerous or addictive drugs? Do the government handle marijuana related crimes appropriately? Marijuana is illegal. It is illegal to smoke, sale, and possess marijuana in Indiana. Different states are seeming to lean toward making weed legal. Many states have already adopted to allow marijuana usuage for medicinal purposes. Patients are being prescribed legal medical marijuana in places like Rhode Island for cancerous treatments. These are the trends in leniency towards a controlled substance that seemingly has less harmful physical effects than cigarettes. Marijuana usuage is moving closer towards legalization nationwide for medicinal usage and recreational usage. The only issue is the abuse of this drug by those not of legal age. According to the Webster definition, Marijuana is the dried leaves and flowering tops of the pistillate hemp plant that yield THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and is smoked in cigarettes for their intoxicating effect. The main ingredient to marijuana is THC, and this is what causes the intoxicating effects to the user. The side effects of smoking marijuana range from delayed judgement, increased appetite, and a slight feeling of euphoria (Webster). These are the side effects of using marijuana called the high. The level of high will vary from person to person and the amount of marijuana used. Chronic usage of marijuana is not physically addictive, but it is mildly psychologically habit forming (Webster). The excessive user is usually portrayed in the media as lazy and lacks ambition. There are no chemicals in marijuana that makes it addicting like nicotin is addictive in cigarettes. Although marijuana is an illegal controlled substance, some may justify their usage by pointing out weeds positives and opposing it with the negatives of other drugs. It is not legal or socially acceptable to go into a public place and smoke a blunt (marijuana rolled in a cigar wrap). However, you can buy drinks in a bar and drive home drunk. This is not always the absolute case, but the point is, which of the two is more harsh? Cocaine has been seen as a more socially acceptable drug through a more lavish culture in the 1980s, but its effects are more dangerous than marijuana as well. Marijuana usage is the highest among all illegal drugs. According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, World Drug Report 2012, alcohol and tobacoo users die in more significant numbers of any users of illict drugs (New Internationalist). People lose their lives in significant numbers from drunk drivers irresponsibility. Smoking cigarettes is confirmed to cause cancer, and they will kill you. People continue to smoke. One of the oppositions to the cigarette versus weed argument is that marijuana smoke can be just as harmful as cigarette smoke. The way you smoke marijuana and the way you smoke cigarettes are different. Marijuana smoke is inhaled and exhaled slower and longer. Cigarettes are inhaled and exhaled quicker. It is believed that marijuana has just as much carcinogens as cigarettes, which is a cancer causing agent. Marijuana has 50-70% more carcinogens than cigarettes (Winterfeld). Marijuana smokers are at some harm with the carcinogens that causes cancer, but marijuana is also known for helping to cure cancer and an array of other medical issues. Medical marijuana has been proven to be beneficial in an series of health issues and that is why it should be legalized for those purposes. Marijuana has been known to treat various forms of cancer, glaucoma, and AIDS (Webster). There is also an example of a guy being prescribed medical marijuana for stress on the job (Manley). Many states are adopting laws that allow the sale and usage of medical marijuana. There are currently 16 States and the District of Columbus that have legalized marijuana for medical use, Colorado and Washington has laws that permit marijuana for recreational use (Malinowski,Winterfeld). Medical marijuana brings revenue to states and it is taxed three ways: the grower, processor, and retailer (Malinowski). States that are adopting these laws that permit marijuana usage for medical and recreational reasons are benefiting economically, but marijuana smokers are still subject to the same smoking laws as cigarette smokers. Even in those states that have no smoking laws in public places, the same laws apply for marijuana smokers (Winterfeld). There is supposedly a second-hand high you feel from second hand smoke from marijuana, unlike cigarettes this may or may not have a negative effect on the bystander. Aside from the medical issues, and economic issues related to refer (another name for marijuana), medical marijuana is just as risky as any other drug when used irresponsibly by irresponsible individuals. Using drugs has consequences that can affect so many aspects of your life. The vulnerable teenage years can be trying and adding drugs can lead to a downward slope through negativity. The majority of addictions begin in the adolescent years. There is a significant amount of adults who support legalization of marijuana for recreational use. Since there are health issues related to marijuana usage, these supporters believe marijuana should only be legal for adults 21 years and older. The teenage brain is still developing and using drugs will damage the student putting them at risk for academic failure (Scutti). Failure in academics lead to failures in life after adolescence. The compulsive marijuana user has a list of long term health effects. Excessive marijuana usage over a long period of time will cause the teens brain to be hard wired to crave the drug. Compulsive weed smoking can cause problems in relationships, emotional maturity, and jobs. There is also studies that show marijuana usage is linked to early onset schizophrenia and a significant IQ impairment (The News Tribune). These negative issues that comes along with using drugs are very heavy for teenagers. It is important that marijuana, no matter how small we think it is compared to other drugs, should definitely be regulated. Marijuana seems to have relatively less negative effects physically and socially, but it is illegal and the minority drug dealers are often treated unfairly compared to whites that commit the same crimes. The government is seeming to have a hard time with regulating and reducing drug laws and convictions. There has not been a decrease in demand for illegal drugs. The demand for marijuana has increased by 8% from 1998 to 2008. It is also noted that cocaines demand increased by 27% and the demand for opiates increased by 34% (The Internationalist). The harder the drug, the more the demand increases. The physical and social harm that any drugs cause cannot really be compared as to which one is worse, but this logic can be applied when we look at the resources that the government use for drug related cases and the unfair convictions when it comes to race. Whites use drugs just as often as blacks, and they are arrested for drug related crimes in the same numbers. Blacks and hispanics are convicted more often than whites though (The Internationalist). This logic is simple, it would be beneficial for lawmakers to consider or reconsider marijuana in terms of drug laws. Marijuana isnt as harmful, and to place people in prison for marijuana related charges may eventually be obsolete. One of the major concerns about legalizing marijuana, is the accessibility for the youth. Marijuana, like any street drug is easily obtainable. Drug dealers of all forms supply marijuana to users in several different venues. It is even believed that one could buy marijuana from an unnamed library in Indiana the 1970s. Marijuana is also grown as a cash crop or for personal usage (Manly). The easy access to marijuana makes it easier for impressionable teenagers to become addictive and experiment with other illicit drugs. According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, World Drug Report 2012, atleast 25% of teenagers in the US have reported drug use. Drug use peaks between the ages of 18-25, and the typical age for drug related deaths is around the mid thirties (The International). This is a short window for teenagers that promote to higher drugs through their adulthood to death. The belief that weed is a gateway drug raises concern for our youth to increase their life span. Drug abusers do not live long. The issue of legalizing marijuana remains to be a multi-faceted issue. Marijuana is good because it is therapeutic in chemotherapy and other terminal illnesses. Medical marijuana is also good for struggling economies to gain extra revenue. Marijuana isnt as bad as other drugs like crack, or even legal drugs like cigarettes and alcohol. The effects from the high may not be as dangerous as a drunk from alcohol. Marijuana can be just as harmful as cigarettes, and are subject to the same laws as the states that are banning tobacco smoke in public places. More states are being more lenient in their drug laws for marijuana use, but this trend has to be regulated to protect our youth.

Free Essays on Yesterdays Dream

Yesterday’s Dream While thinking to myself I recall life is not fair Who was that girl with the curly black hair? Who liked all things should be in pairs, to wear! She was so grateful to have a home than being outsider. Since she grew up and cared by a grandmother, But for her, she’s a great mom, no one can compare Was she the type of girl who’s happy, go lucky? As she’s often called the black sheep of the family! All rules, doesn’t obey she loved doing things in her way She observed life was so hard and to live was not so easy. But she strived to get strength and face the reality. Then she learned to dream fantastic things day by day! One day, when she was sitting by the window And listening to music sounds mellow She was wondering why the leaves turned yellow And fell on the ground when the winds blow Suddenly view about her life for tomorrow If it would be full of joy or full of sorrow! While thinking, many things came out in her mind Like people said true friends are hard to find Because they just come and go then leave you behind And really hard to know for sure if they are kind As they changed so fast from chilly rain into sunshine Like the weather, as it transformed from time to time. And when she grew up, what would be her destiny? Would she be like a fruitful tree or sweet as a honey bee? Would she be a good servant or a revolutionary? Would she become an explorer of any country? Or would she be what she wants to be? Just an ordinary being of the community! Her hopes for her life are high as the sky To be like the bird, that has wings to fly! To soar with the clouds, up so high, And back to life as soon she dies. But it’s only a vision when she’ll wake by and by Sometimes it made her sigh, cry, until time passes by. The years go by; now to be woman she’s glad She learned not to dream since it made her sad Wings like a bird that she never had Its impossible ... Free Essays on Yesterday's Dream Free Essays on Yesterday's Dream Yesterday’s Dream While thinking to myself I recall life is not fair Who was that girl with the curly black hair? Who liked all things should be in pairs, to wear! She was so grateful to have a home than being outsider. Since she grew up and cared by a grandmother, But for her, she’s a great mom, no one can compare Was she the type of girl who’s happy, go lucky? As she’s often called the black sheep of the family! All rules, doesn’t obey she loved doing things in her way She observed life was so hard and to live was not so easy. But she strived to get strength and face the reality. Then she learned to dream fantastic things day by day! One day, when she was sitting by the window And listening to music sounds mellow She was wondering why the leaves turned yellow And fell on the ground when the winds blow Suddenly view about her life for tomorrow If it would be full of joy or full of sorrow! While thinking, many things came out in her mind Like people said true friends are hard to find Because they just come and go then leave you behind And really hard to know for sure if they are kind As they changed so fast from chilly rain into sunshine Like the weather, as it transformed from time to time. And when she grew up, what would be her destiny? Would she be like a fruitful tree or sweet as a honey bee? Would she be a good servant or a revolutionary? Would she become an explorer of any country? Or would she be what she wants to be? Just an ordinary being of the community! Her hopes for her life are high as the sky To be like the bird, that has wings to fly! To soar with the clouds, up so high, And back to life as soon she dies. But it’s only a vision when she’ll wake by and by Sometimes it made her sigh, cry, until time passes by. The years go by; now to be woman she’s glad She learned not to dream since it made her sad Wings like a bird that she never had Its impossible ...

Star Alliance in the field of Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Star Alliance in the field of Marketing - Essay Example Alliances were an appropriate response to the market change by the leading airlines. Star Alliance is the largest with a market share of 23.6 percent followed by Sky Team, Oneworld and Wings (Czipura & Jolly, 2007). This paper will discuss how at Star, the benefits are reaped both by the customers and the airlines, the route setup and the basis, the problems and pitfalls encountered and how Star Alliance differentiates itself from other airline alliances. The Star Alliance started as a joint marketing effort between United Airlines and Air Canada in 1992 and was formed on the premise that each could derive benefits from expanding the range of cooperation. They wanted to increase the membership and devolve authority towards a more centralized and independent organization structure (Anslinger & Jenk, 2004). By 1997 Scandinavian Air System (SAS), Deutsche Lufthansa, Thai Airways International had joined the alliance. These five members signed bilateral agreements regarding code sharing, joint marketing activities, and flight schedule coordination (Czipura & Jolly, 2007). The alliance wanted to exploit the benefits of a worldwide network. By 2006, there were 18 full members in addition to several regional members and member candidates. Today it has 24 members and has a centralized set of activities and functions. The Star Alliance serves 855 airports in 155 (StarAlliance.com, 2007) countries and expects to achieve substantial savings thr ough rationalizing their operations and in the process squeezing out competitors (Boyd, 2001). Airlines have little control over fixed expenditure like aircraft and equipments and the labor costs account for almost one-third expenses in the industry. As such most airlines are looking for saving expenditure in other areas. In 2001, Star Alliance created a new and more stable management structure. Prior to this, the alliance was driven by the individual

Burger King Inc Organisation Strategy Research Paper

Burger King Inc Organisation Strategy - Research Paper Example As per the research findings from modern economic scholars and thinkers, organisation strategy is described as the manner in which organization transforms their management and operation activities in order to meet the market needs and demands (Wootton & Horne, 2002). In coming up with effective organization strategies, organisations managers and leaders consider various factors and constraints. Skills and competence in an organisation, organisation structures, talent management practices, organisation culture as well as existing market dynamic are some of the core factors that define organization strategies in modern business entities (Liedtka, 2008). To prosper in modern American and international market, Burger King Inc have in the recent past instituted various strategies that have proved to be extremely effective in advancing its productivity. However, due to the emergence of market changes and increase in the number of competitors in the market, the company ought to institute mo re effective and complicated strategies. The Burger King Inc has numerous franchises and over 10, 400 restaurants in global market. In addition, the company has as well succeeded in establishing more than 1000 outlets in global market. ... In addition, the entrance of new business entities in local and global market is also another major threat to the company’s productivity. The adoption of effective strategies by Burger King Inc.’s competitors has as well posed a very serious threat to the organisation development and productivity. Other factors that have threatened the organisation productivity and efficiency entails change in market and customers needs and demands, emergence of numerous competitors in food industry, new and complicated technological development as well as introduction of new policies and measures in global market. To counter the identified challenges and market complications, Burger King Inc ought to come up with new strategies to retain its position in global and local market. Additionally, in order to realise the most effective expansion and development, Burger King Inc need to restructure its organisation strategies and programs. The adoption of new promotion and marketing strategie s, management strategies and effective production strategies is therefore very essential and critical in facilitating development in Burger King Inc. By evaluating some of the main challenges in contemporary market, the essay below will focus on identifying some of the most effective strategies that Burger King Inc. should introduce in order to prosper in modern dynamic and complicated market. The essay will as well explore the current Burger King Inc market position and some of its main challenges. Burger King Inc Background Burger King Inc is currently one of the largest food chain in global food-chain market. Burger King Inc was established in 1954 and was named as â€Å"Insta Burger King†. The organization headquarters are situated in Miami in Florida, United